You have been told it is turf toe, or you suspect it. The first question is almost always the same: how long until I can play again?
The short answer
It depends on the grade of the injury, and the range is wide. Cleveland Clinic gives two examples. For a milder case, it says: "A grade 2 injury could go away within two to three weeks." For a more serious one, it says: "A grade 3 injury may take two to six months to heal."
Read those as ranges, not promises. The gap between weeks and months is the reason to find out which grade you have.
Why the grade matters for your plan
If you plan around the short end and the injury is a grade 3, you will be frustrated. If you plan for months and it is a grade 2, you may sit out longer than you need to. Knowing the grade lets you set a calendar you can live with, whether that is a team season or a weekend league near Wood Dale.
Asking which grade your toe is
Ask the person who examines your toe which grade it is, and ask what that grade means for your sport. You can read ahead without any special background. Cleveland Clinic's page on turf toe and the turf toe page at OrthoInfo from the AAOS both cover the injury. Cleveland Clinic also has a wider page on sports injuries.
If you are curious about the surgical side, a paper on PubMed Central reports outcomes of surgical management of turf toe at 12 years.
A note if this is your first one
Turf toe can feel like a setback you cannot read. Once you know the grade, the timeline gets much clearer, and that is a good first step to take.